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The Treaty of Fontainebleau was an agreement established in Fontainebleau, France, on 11 April 1814, between Napoleon I and representatives from the Austrian Empire, Russia, and Prussia. The treaty was signed at Paris on 11 April, by the plenipotentiaries of both sides, and ratified by Napoleon on 13 April.〔''Napoleon and the Marshals of the Empire'', J. B. Lippincott of Philadelphia, 1855. (p. 284 )〕 With this treaty, the allies ended Napoleon's rule as emperor of France and sent him into exile on Elba. ==Prelude== In the War of the Sixth Coalition (1812–1814), a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Sweden, the United Kingdom and a number of German states, drove Napoleon out of Germany in 1813. In 1814, while the United Kingdom, Spain and Portugal invaded France across the Pyrenees, the Russians, Austrians and their allies invaded France across the Rhine and, after the Battle of Paris, entered into negotiations with members of the French government for the abdication of Napoleon Bonaparte. On 31 March, the Coalition powers issued a declaration to the French nation: On 1 April, the Russian Emperor Alexander I addressed the French Senate in person and laid out similar terms as were in the previous day's declaration, and as a gesture of good will announced that 150,000 French prisoners of war who had been held by the Russians since the French invasion of Russia two years earlier (in 1812), would be released immediately. The next day the French Senate agreed to the Coalition's terms and passed a resolution deposing Napoleon.〔Alison. (pp. 187–188 )〕 They also passed a decree dated 5 April, justifying their actions, and ending: During 3 April 1814, word reached Napoleon who was at the Palace of Fontainebleau that the French Senate had dethroned him. As the Coalition forces had made public their position that their quarrel was with Napoleon and not the French people, Napoleon called their bluff and abdicated in favour of his son, with the Empress Marie-Louise as regent. Three plenipotentiaries took this conditional abdication to the Coalition sovereigns: While the plenipotentiaries were travelling to deliver their message, Napoleon heard that Auguste Marmont had placed his corps in a hopeless position and that their surrender was inevitable. The Coalition sovereigns were in no mood to compromise and rejected Napoleon's offer: With the rejection of his conditional abdication, and with no military option left to him, Napoleon bowed to the inevitable: Over the next few days with his reign over France now at an end, the formal treaty was negotiated and signed by the plenipotentiaries in Paris on 11 April, and ratified by Napoleon on 13 April. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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